First Aid is not a subject that can be taught solely using a resource like this.
It is possible to cause more harm than good if you do not know what you are doing.
Sometimes the best help that you can be is to asses the situation and call for help using the assessment you have made to explain the situation clearly and precisely.

The purpose of this page is to act more as a revision guide than as a teaching resource, therefore I would be grateful of any feedback, additional info or mnemonics etc. thanks

Calling For Help

1. If possible use a bystander to contact the emergency services by telephone.
2. The emergency services will always ask you for your telephone number first.
3. Use The Mnemonic L.I.O.N.E.L. to brief the bystander or the emergency services
   
   
   1. Location - Where are you, if unsure look for street or building names
   2. Incident - Type e.g car accident, chemical spillage, Heart Attack etc
   3. Other Services Required - e.g. Fire Brigade, Police or Coastguard
   4. Number Injured - How many casualties are there.
   5. Extent Of Injury - If known, but do not delay in calling the emergency services
   6. Location Again - repeat it again

The Objectives Of First Aid

1. Preserve Life
2. Prevent Further Injury
3. Promote Recovery

Preserve Life

Danger

Are you or the casualty in any danger? If you have not already done so, make the situation safe and then assess the casualty.

Response

If the casualty appears unconscious check this by shouting

"Can you hear me?" or "Open your eyes"
while gently shaking their shoulders.

If there is no response, get help then follow the ABC procedure.

Airway

• Is It Clear?
• Without moving the head, check the mouth for obstructions.
• If you see an obstruction gently insert 1 or 2 fingers and scoop out any foreign objects.

Only then can you open the airway by placing one hand on the casualty’s forehead and gently tilting the head back. If you do this before removing any blockage it may fall further down making clearance much harder.

Breathing

• Spend 10 seconds checking to see if the casualty is breathing:
• Look to see if the chest is rising and falling. Listen for breathing.
• Feel for breath against your cheek.

If the casualty is breathing, place them in the recovery position.

For a casualty who is not breathing, call an ambulance, then return to casualty and begin sequence again.

Circulation

Spend 10 seconds checking for signs of circulation: look for blueness of the skin, listen and feel for breathing, coughing, movement or any other signs of life.

Prevent Further Injury

Roads:

• Beware Traffic
  
• Use Bystanders
  
• Switch Off Engine
  
• Never Remove A Helmet

Fire

• Do Not Enter A Room On Fire
  
• Let Fire Brigade Extinguish Any Fire

Water

• Always attempt a rescue from shore first
  
• If Swimming remember your limit
  
• Beware Of Hypothermia
  
• Never Approach A Panicking Victim

Gas & Electric

• Avoid Naked Flames
  
• Avoid Prolonged Exposure
  
• Switch Off Supply
  
• Reach Fresh Air As Soon As Possible

Buildings

• Be Vigilant of Falling Debris
  
• Stick To Walls And Solid Structures
  
• Do Not Throw Debris
  
• Do Not Drag Free
  
• Do Not Release Someone Trapped For Longer Than 10 Minutes

Promote Recovery

Maintain A Clear Airway
Place In Recovery Position
Carryout Observations Every 10 Mins
Do Not Leave Unattended
Protect From The Elements
Nil By Mouth